ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and related risk factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in non-human immunodeficiency virus(non-HIV-PJP) infectious children. MethodsThe clinical data of 128 children diagnosed with pneumonia were collected. According to the results of targeted high-throughput sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, they were divided into the PJP group (n=63) and the non-PJP group (n=65). The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors of PJP occurring in children with non-HIV infection pneumonia were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression model. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in gender, age, fever, dyspnea, gasping, proportion of premature infants, combination of basic diseases, pulmonary moist rales with wheezing, hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, IgG levels, IgA levels, and IgM levels between the two groups (all P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary moist rales with wheezing was an independent risk factor of non-HIV-PJP (P＜0.05). ConclusionPediatric with non-HIV-PJP is common in boys, premature infants, and children with basic diseases, usually combined with main manifestations like dyspnea and wheezing. And their pulmonary physical examination is often accompanied by moist rales with wheezing. The auxiliary examination of the patients often shows that the lymphocyte count is increased, while the hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels, neutrophil counts, IgG levels, IgA levels, and IgM levels are decreased. Moist rales with wheezing heard in their lung auscultation is the independent risk factor for non-HIV-PJP in children. In clinic, for children with pneumonia with related characteristics, the possibility of PJP should be alerted, especially those with moist rales with wheezing heard in auscultation.

无