ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) between normal oral mucosa epithelium, abnormal hyperplasia, high-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and submaxillary lymph node metastasis in humans and BALB/c mice. MethodsModeling according to the method of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) water drink, 20 BALB/c mice with abnormal hyperplasia occurring in the oral mucosa epithelium, squamous carcinoma, and submaxillary lymph node metastasis were cultured. In addition, 20 samples each from humans with normal oral mucosa epithelium, abnormal hyperplasia, high-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and submaxillary lymph node metastasis were collected, using the immunohistochemistry to detect expressions of HIF-1α in various samples, and to compare the expression differences of HIF-1α in normal oral mucosa epithelium, abnormal hyperplasia, high-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and submaxillary lymph node metastasis between humans and BALB/c mice. ResultsThe positive rate of HIF-1α in humans and mice all presented an ascending order following normal oral mucosa epithelium, abnormal hyperplasia, and oral high-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma; however, the expression of submaxillary lymph node metastasis lesions decreased significantly as compared with original lesions. There were statistically significant differences in HIF-1α positive rates of expressions in normal oral mucosa epithelium, abnormal hyperplasia, and high-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (all P＜0.05). ConclusionExpressions of the corresponding stages in normal oral mucosa epithelium, abnormal hyperplasia, high-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and submaxillary lymph node metastasis are similar in humans and mice.

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