ObjectiveTo compare the clinical application value of traditional laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum with transanal total mesorectal excision (Ta-TME) assisted by laparoscope in patients with low rectal cancer. MethodsThe clinical data of 50 patients with low rectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively，of them, 25 patients received traditional laparoscopic low rectal resection (the control group), another 25 patients received Ta-TME assisted by laparoscope (the study group). The operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, hospitalization expense were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe operation was successfully completed in all patients, of which 3 patients (2 in the control group and 1 in the study group) in TNM stage Ⅲ found to have severe congestion and edema in the intestinal tract during the operation were performed with prophylactic end ileostomy with double cavity, and the rest patients were all performed with one-stage anastomosis. The operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative anal exhaust time, postoperative out-of-bed activity time, postoperative hospital stays and hospitalization expense were shorter or less in the study group compared to the control group (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of lymphadenectomy between the two groups (P＞0.05).The incidence of complications in the study group was 12.00% (3/25), which was lower than 48.00% (12 / 25) of the control group (P＜0.05). The one-year postoperative recurrence rate of the study group was 0, which was lower than 4.00% (2/25) of the control group (P＜0.05). One-year postoperative mortality was 0 in both groups. ConclusionTa-TME assisted by laparoscope in the treatment of low rectal cancer is safe and reliable. This surgical method has no auxiliary abdominal incision. It has advantages of small trauma, fast recovery and low treatment expense; therefore, it is of great application value.

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