ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy（ESWL）. MethodsSixty patients with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury after ESWL treatment were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. The experimental group initiated hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 60 minutes per time on the 2nd day after ESWL, with a treatment pressure of 0.2 MPa, once daily for 5 times. The control group was given conventional treatment after ESWL. The changes in main renal artery resistance index (MRA-RI), interlobar renal artery resistance index (IRA-RI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and urinary microalbumin (mAlb) before and after treatment were observed in the two groups, the protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury after ESWL was analyzed. ResultsBefore lithotripsy and on the 1st, 6th and 10th day after lithotripsy, there were statistically significant differences in MDA, SOD, ET-1, mAlb, MRA-RI and IRA-RI between the experimental group and the control group (P＜0.05), no statistically significant difference was found in BUN or Cr between the two groups before and after lithotripsy (P＞0.05). The differences between indicators of MDA, SOD, ET-1, mAlb, MRA-RI, and IRA-RI before lithotripsy and those on the 1st, 6th or 10th day after lithotripsy showed statistically significant difference between the two groups（P＜0.05）. ConclusionHyperbaric oxygen has a protective effect on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury after ESWL.

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