ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the clinical efficacy of thoracoscopic surgery versus thoracotomy for congenital type III esophageal atresia in neonates. MethodsThe clinical data of forty-six neonates with congenital type III esophageal atresia were retrospectively analyzed and divided into thoracoscopy group (20 cases) and thoracotomy group (26 cases) according to sugical approaches. The preoperative data, intraoperative internal environmental changes and postoperative recovery were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe anesthesia duration and operation duration of the thoracoscopy group were significantly longer than those of the thoracotomy group (P＜0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in duration of postoperative ventilator use or hospital stay between the two groups (P＞0.05). The cure rates of the thoracoscopy group and the thoracotomy group were 90.0% (18/20) and 92.3% (24/26), respectively, presenting no statistically significant differences (P＞0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in incidence rates of postoperative complications between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionThoracoscopic surgery is safe and feasible for the treatment of neonates with congenital type III esophageal atresia.

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