ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional visualization technique applied to the treatment of complex hepatolithiasis. MethodsForty patients with complex hepatolithiasis treated by three-dimensional visualization technique-guided percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopic lithotomy (PTCSL) from January 2015 to January 2017 were selected as the observation group. Thirty patients with complex hepatolithiasis treated by conventional PTCSL from January 2012 to January 2014 were selected as the control group. The operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, clearance rate of calculi and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. All patients were followed up by telephone or in outpatient clinic for 3-71 months, and the recurrence rate was recorded. ResultsThe operative time, hospital stay and intraoperative blood loss of the observation group were shorter or less than those of the control group(all P＜0.05). The clearance rate of calculi in the observation group was higher than that in the control group ［97.5%（39/40） vs. 83.3%（25/30）, P＜0.05］. The incident rate of postoperative complications and the recurrence rate of calculi in the observation group ［2.5%（1/40）and 2.5%（1/40）respectively］ were lower than those in the control group ［13.3%（4/30）and 10.0%（3/30）respectively］,but no significant differences were found(all P＞0.05). ConclusionCompared with conventional PTCSL, three-dimensional visualization technique-guided PTCSL can shorten the operation duration and hospital stay, and improve the stone clearance rate.

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