【Abstract】 ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors related to residual back pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). MethodsA total of 120 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures undergoing PVP were enrolled. The relevant factors were collected including patient′s age and gender, precipitating factor (with or without trauma history), disease duration, history (with or without back pain previously), body mass index,bone mineral density,（BMD）, vertebral height, preoperative Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), postoperative improvement of vertebral height，injection volume and leakage of bone cement and etc. The incidence of residual back pain after PVP was observed. The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the incidence of residual back pain. ResultsThere were no significant differences in the gender, age, disease duration, preoperative anterior edge and medium heights of vertebral body, injection volume of bone cement, rate of bone cement leakage and preoperative VAS between the two groups (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the precipitating factor, history, body mass index, BMD, postoperative anterior edge and medium heights of vertebral body, postoperative improvement of anterior edge and medium heights of vertebral body between the two groups (P＜0.05) . Relevant factors were enrolled in logistic regression analysis, and the results showed that body mass index，BMD , the medium height improvement of vertebral body and precipitating factor were the risk factors for residual back pain after PVP. ConclusionLow body mass index, reduced bone mineral density, poor recovery of medium height of vertebral body，injury history are the main causes of residual back pain after vertebroplasty.

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