ObjectiveTo analyze the cause of subcapsular renal hematoma induced by ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for treating ureteral calculi. MethodsThe patient who suffered from lower ureteric calculi was treated with six times of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in other hospital, while the treatment was failed. After the patient was admitted to our hospital, she received ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy, and the patient complained of abdominal pain during the operation, then the patient developed into severe anemia on the second day postoperatively, then emergent abdominal and pelvic CT scan were performed, and the result was subcapsular renal hematoma. A conservative treatment was given, including absolute bed rest, analgetic use, and antibiotic therapy and so on. ResultAfter conservative treatment, the patient condition stabilized, and she received regular outpatient follow-up, eventually, the patient completely recovered. ConclusionSubcapsular renal hematoma is a rare complication after ureteroscopy, and the conservative treatment is the main therapeutic method, if necessary, endovascular or surgical intervention should be adopted.

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